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to avoid

  • 1 fugiō

        fugiō fūgī, — (P. fut. fugitūrus, O., Cu.), ere    [2 FVG-], to flee, fly, take flight, run away, make off: e conspectu ilico, T.: ego fugio, am off, T.: cum magnā pecuniā: a Troiā: oppido, Cs.: e manibus: ex proelio: longe, H.: Nec furtum feci nec fugi, run away (of a slave), H.—Prov.: Ita fugias ne praeter casam, beyond shelter, i. e. too far, T.—With acc: qui currebat fugiens hostem, H.: me inermem, H.: ovīs fugiat lupus, V.— To become a fugitive, leave the country, go into exile: ex patriā, N.: A patriā, O.: in exilium, Iu.— With acc: patriam, V.: Teucer Salamina Cum fugeret, H.— To pass quickly, speed, hasten, flee away: fugiens per gramina rivus, V.: sitiens fugientia captat Flumina, H.: fugiunt dies, O.: fugit inreparabile tempus, V.— To vanish, disappear, pass away, perish: e pratis pruina fugit, O.: fugiunt nubes, H.: Fugerat ore color, O.: memoriane fugerit in annalibus digerendis, an, etc., L.— To flee from, avoid, shun: conventūs hominum, Cs.: hunc iudicem: neminem, L.: Vesanum poëtam, H.: urbem, H.: vina, O.— To flee from, avoid, get away from, escape: Acheronta, H.: Cuncta manūs fugient heredis, H.: Se, H.: nullum caput Proserpina fugit, spared, H.—Fig., to flee, avoid, shun: ab omni, quod abhorret, etc.: Hoc facito, hoc fugito, T.: conspectum multitudinis, Cs.: laborem, V.: maioris opprobria culpae, H.: iudicium senatūs, L.: simili inscientiā mors fugitur: quod si curam fugimus, virtus fugienda est: esse fugiendam satietatam.—With inf, to avoid, omit, forbear, beware: turpiter facere: Quid sit futurum cras, fuge quaerere, H.: huic triumphum decorare fugiendum fuit.— To escape, get away from, elude, forsake: ut (animus) fugiat aciem: quos haud ulla viros vigilantia fugit, V.: vox Moerim fugit, V.— To escape, escape the notice of, be unobserved by, be unknown to: vidit id, quod fugit Lycurgum: quem res nulla fugeret: non fugisset hoc Graecos homines, si, etc.: huius viri scientiam: fūgit me ad te antea scribere, I forgot: illud te non arbitror fugere, quin, etc.
    * * *
    fugere, fugi, fugitus V
    flee, fly, run away; avoid, shun; go into exile

    Latin-English dictionary > fugiō

  • 2 fugio

    fŭgĭo, fūgi, fŭgĭtum ( gen. plur. part. sync. fugientum, Hor. C. 3, 18, 1; part. fut. fugiturus, Ov. H. 2, 47 al.), 3, v. n. and a. [root FUG; Gr. PHUG, pheugô; Sanscr. bhuj; syn.: flecto, curvo; v. fuga], to flee or fly, to take flight, run away.
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit.:

    propera igitur fugere hinc, si te di amant,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 78; cf.:

    a foro,

    id. Pers. 3, 3, 31:

    senex exit foras: ego fugio,

    I am off, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 47:

    cervam videre fugere, sectari canes,

    id. Phorm. prol. 7:

    qui fugisse cum magna pecunia dicitur ac se contulisse Tarquinios,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

    Aeneas fugiens a Troja,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72:

    omnes hostes terga verterunt, nec prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerint,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 1:

    oppido fugit,

    id. B. C. 3, 29, 1:

    ex ipsa caede,

    to flee, escape, id. B. G. 7, 38, 3; cf.:

    ex proelio Mutinensi,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

    e conspectu,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 107: Uticam, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 13: fenum habet in cornu;

    longe fuge,

    id. S. 1, 4, 34: nec furtum feci nec fugi, run away (of slaves), id. Ep. 1, 16, 46; cf.:

    formidare servos, Ne te compilent fugientes,

    id. S. 1, 1, 78; Sen. Tranq. 8.—

    Prov.: ita fugias ne praeter casam,

    i. e. in fleeing from one danger beware of falling into another, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 3 Ruhnk. —
    b.
    In partic., like the Gr. pheugein, to become a fugitive, leave one's country, go into exile:

    fugiendum de civitate, cedendum bonis aut omnia perferenda,

    Quint. 6, 1, 19; so,

    ex patria,

    Nep. Att. 4, 4:

    a patria,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 66:

    in exilium,

    Juv. 10, 160; cf. under II. A. b.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to pass quickly, to speed, to hasten away, flee away; cf.:

    numquam Vergilius diem dicit ire, sed fugere, quod currendi genus concitatissimum est,

    Sen. Ep. 108 med. (mostly poet. and of inanim. and abstr. things):

    tenuis fugiens per gramina rivus,

    Verg. G. 4, 19:

    Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat Flumina,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 68:

    concidunt venti fugiuntque nubes,

    id. C. 1, 12, 30:

    spernit humum fugiente pennā,

    hasting away, rapidly soaring, id. ib. 3, 2, 24:

    nullum sine vulnere fugit Missile,

    Stat. Th. 9, 770:

    insequitur fugientem lumine pinum (i. e. navem),

    Ov. M. 11, 469:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    Lucr. 4, 389:

    fugiunt freno non remorante dies,

    Ov. F. 6, 772:

    sed fugit interea, fugit irreparabile tempus,

    Verg. G. 3, 284:

    annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40:

    hora,

    id. C. 3, 29, 48:

    aetas,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 7.—Of persons:

    evolat ante omnes rapidoque per aëra cursu Callaicus Lampon fugit,

    hastens away, Sil. 16, 335. Here perh. belongs: acer Gelonus, Cum fugit in Rhodopen atque in deserta Getarum, i. e. swiftly roves (as a nomade), Verg. G. 3, 462 (acc. to another explan., flees, driven from his abode).—
    b.
    Pregn., to vanish, disappear, to pass away, perish:

    e pratis cana pruina fugit,

    Ov. F. 6, 730:

    fugiunt de corpore setae,

    id. M. 1, 739; cf.:

    jam fessae tandem fugiunt de corpore vires,

    Verg. Cir. 447;

    for which: calidusque e corpore sanguis Inducto pallore fugit,

    Ov. M. 14, 755:

    fugerat ore color,

    id. H. 11, 27:

    nisi causa morbi Fugerit venis,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

    fugiunt cum sanguine vires,

    Ov. M. 7, 859:

    amor,

    Prop. 1, 12, 12:

    memoriane fugerit in annalibus digerendis, an, etc.,

    Liv. 9, 44, 4:

    gratissima sunt poma, cum fugiunt,

    i. e. when they wilt, become wilted, Sen. Ep. 12; cf.: vinum fugiens, under P. a.—
    C.
    Trop. (rare but class.):

    nos naturam sequamur, et ab omni, quod abhorret ab oculorum auriumque approbatione, fugiamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 35, 128; cf.: omne animal appetit quaedam et fugit a quibusdam;

    quod autem refugit, id contra naturam est, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Quint. 11, 1, 54:

    ad verba,

    to have recourse to, Petr. 132.
    II.
    Act., to flee from, seek to avoid; to avoid, shun any thing.
    A.
    Lit. (mostly poet.): erravi, post cognovi, et fugio cognitum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 160 Vahl.):

    cum Domitius concilia conventusque hominum fugeret,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 19, 2:

    neminem neque populum neque privatum fugio,

    Liv. 9, 1, 7:

    vesanum fugiunt poëtam qui sapiunt,

    Hor. A. P. 455:

    percontatorem,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 69:

    hostem,

    id. S. 1, 3, 10:

    lupus me fugit inermem,

    id. C. 1, 22, 12:

    nunc et ovis ultro fugiat lupus,

    Verg. E. 8, 52:

    (Peleus) Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 18:

    scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes,

    id. Ep. 2, 77; id. S. 1, 6, 126:

    data pocula,

    Ov. M. 14, 287; cf.

    vina,

    id. ib. 15, 323.— Pass.:

    sic litora vento Incipiente fremunt, fugitur cum portus,

    i. e. is left, Stat. Th. 7, 140. —
    b.
    In partic. (cf. supra, I. A. b.), to leave one's country:

    nos patriam fugimus,

    Verg. E. 1, 4:

    Teucer Salamina patremque cum fugeret,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 22.—Hence:

    quis exsul Se quoque fugit?

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 20.—
    2.
    Transf. (causa pro effectu), to flee away from, to escape, = effugio ( poet.;

    but cf. infra, B. 2.): hac Quirinus Martis equis Acheronta fugit,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 16:

    insidiatorem,

    id. S. 2, 5, 25:

    cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis,

    id. C. 4, 7, 19.—And in a poetically inverted mode of expression: nullum Saeva caput Proserpina fugit (= nemo tam gravis est, ad quem mors non accedat), none does cruel Proserpine flee away from, avoid (i. e. none escapes death), Hor. C. 1, 28, 20.—
    B.
    Trop., to flee from, avoid, shun (very freq. and class.):

    conspectum multitudinis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 30, 1:

    ignominiam ac dedecus,

    Cic. Rep. 5, 4:

    nullam molestiam,

    id. ib. 3, 5; cf.

    laborem,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 114; Verg. A. 3, 459 (opp. ferre):

    recordationes,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18:

    vituperationem tarditatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf.:

    majoris opprobria culpae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 10:

    judicium senatus,

    Liv. 8, 33, 8:

    vitium,

    Quint. 2, 15, 16:

    hanc voluptatem (with reformidare),

    id. 8, 5, 32:

    disciplinas omnes (Epicurus),

    id. 2, 17, 15:

    nuptias,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 27; cf.:

    usum conjugis,

    Ov. M. 10, 565:

    conubia,

    id. ib. 14, 69:

    amplexus senis,

    Tib. 1, 9, 74:

    nec sequar aut fugiam, quae diligit ipse vel odit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 72:

    spondeum et dactylum (opp. sequi),

    Quint. 9, 4, 87.— Pass.:

    simili inscitiā mors fugitur, quasi dissolutio naturae,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

    quemadmodum ratione in vivendo fugitur invidia, sic, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 38, 50:

    quod si curam fugimus, virtus fugienda est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

    fugiendas esse nimias amicitias,

    id. ib. 13, 45:

    fugienda semper injuria est,

    id. Off. 1, 8, 25; id. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

    vitiosum genus fugiendum,

    id. Or. 56, 189; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 128:

    petenda ac fugienda,

    id. 3, 6, 49.—
    (β).
    Like the Gr. pheugein, with inf. (mostly poet.), to avoid doing something, to omit, forbear, beware, = omittere, cavere:

    illud in his rebus longe fuge credere, etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 1052:

    o fuge te tenerae puerorum credere turbae,

    Tib. 1, 4, 9:

    quid sit futurum cras, fuge quaerere,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 13; cf.

    also: fuge suspicari, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 22:

    mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis?

    Verg. A. 9, 200; cf. Ov. H. 9, 75:

    fugeres radice vel herbā Proficiente nihil curarier,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; cf.:

    neque illud fugerim dicere, ut Caelius, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153:

    huic donis patris triumphum decorare fugiendum fuit?

    id. Mur. 5, 11.—
    2.
    Transf. (causa pro effectu; cf. supra, II. A. 2.), to escape ( poet. also of things as subjects):

    tanta est animi tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; Ov. F. 2, 80:

    sed tamen admiror, quo pacto judicium illud Fugerit,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 100:

    quos viros vigilantia fugit,

    whom any vigilance escapes, Verg. G. 2, 265; cf. id. E. 9, 54.—
    b.
    Esp. freq., res me fugit, it escapes me, escapes my notice; I do not observe it, do not know it (cf.:

    latet, praeterit): novus ille populus vidit tamen id, quod fugit Lacedaemonium Lycurgum,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12; cf.:

    illos id fugerat,

    id. Fin. 4, 23, 63:

    hominem amentem hoc fugit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27:

    quem res nulla fugeret,

    id. Rep. 2, 1:

    quae (ratio) neque Solonem Atheniensem fugerat, neque nostrum senatum,

    id. ib. 2, 34;

    1, 16: non fugisset hoc Graecos homines, si, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

    neminem haec utilitas fugit,

    Quint. 2, 5, 17:

    nisi quae me forte fugiunt, hae sunt fere de animo sententiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 107; 7, 1, 40:

    nullam rem esse declarant in usu positam militari, quae hujus viri scientiam fugere possit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    quae (partitio) fugiet memoriam judicis,

    Quint. 4, 5, 3; cf. Gell. 1, 18, 6.—With a subject-clause:

    de Dionysio, fugit me ad te antea scribere,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 3; 5, 12, 3:

    illud alterum quam sit difficile, te non fugit,

    id. ib. 12, 42, 2.—Hence, fŭgĭens, entis, P. a., fleeing, fleeting, vanishing.
    A.
    Lit.:

    accipiter,

    Lucr. 3, 752:

    membra deficiunt, fugienti languida vitā,

    id. 5, 887:

    vinum,

    growing flat, spoiling, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:

    ocelli,

    dying, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 49:

    portus fugiens ad litora,

    running back, retreating, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 15.—
    2.
    Subst. in the later jurid. lang., like the Gr. ho pheugôn, the defendant:

    omnimodo hoc et ab actore et a fugiente exigi,

    Cod. Just. 2, 58, § 4 (for which, reus, § 7).—
    B.
    Trop., with gen.:

    nemo erat adeo tardus aut fugiens laboris, quin, etc.,

    averse to labor, indolent, Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

    doloris,

    Lact. 3, 8, 13:

    solitudinis (with appeteus communionis ac societatis),

    id. 6, 10, 18.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fugio

  • 3 dēclīnō

        dēclīnō āvī, ātus, āre    [CLI-], to bend aside, turn away: ad dexteram de viā: si omnes atomi declinabunt (i. e. oblique ferentur): via ad mare declinans, L.— To deflect, turn away: agmen, L.: cursūs, O.— To avoid, evade, shun: urbem: ictum, L.— To lower, close, let sink: dulci lumina somno, V. — Fig., to turn aside, deviate, turn away, digress: de statu suo: a religione offici: aliquantulum a proposito: ut eo revocetur unde huc declinavit oratio: quantum in Italiam declinaverat belli, L.: paulatim amor, decreases, O.— To turn aside, cause to differ: mulier declinata ab aliarum ingenio, differing, T.— To turn off, ascribe: adversa in inscitiam Paeti, Ta. — To turn from, avoid, shun: (oratio) declinat impetum: laqueos iudici: vitia: societate culpae invidiam, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    declinare, declinavi, declinatus V TRANS
    decline/conjugate/inflect (in the same manner/like); change word form, modify
    II
    declinare, declinavi, declinatus V
    deflect/divert/turnaside/swerve/change direction/deviate/dodge; digress/diverge; avoid/stray; vary/be different; bend/sink down, subside/decline; lower/descend

    Latin-English dictionary > dēclīnō

  • 4 vītō

        vītō āvī, ātus, āre    [3 VIC-], to shun, seek to escape, avoid, evade: si vitant, fugiunt: Hastas, spicula, H.: locum, Cs.: balnea, H.: sapiens, vitatu quidque petitu Sit melius, causas reddet tibi, H.: vitataque traxit in arma, O.—Fig., to shun, avoid: vitia: omnīs suspitiones, Cs.: offensione vitatā: proditionem celeritate, S.: se ipsum, to shun oneself, H.: erit in enumeratione vitandum, ne, etc.: tangere vitet Scripta, H.
    * * *
    vitare, vitavi, vitatus V
    avoid, shun; evade

    Latin-English dictionary > vītō

  • 5 decedo

    dē-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3 ( inf. sync. decesse, Ter. Heaut. prol. 32; Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; Neue Formenl. 2, 536. The part. perf. decessus perh. only Rutil. Nam. 1, 313), v. n., to go away, depart, withdraw. (For syn. cf.: linquo, relinquo, desero, destituo, deficio, discedo, excedo. Often opp. to accedo, maneo; freq. and class.)—Constr. absol. with de, ex, or merely the abl.; rarely with ab.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    decedamus,

    Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 74:

    de altera parte (agri) decedere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10:

    decedit ex Gallia Romam Naevius,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 16:

    e pastu,

    Verg. G. 1, 381; cf.:

    e pastu decedere campis,

    id. ib. 4, 186:

    ex aequore domum,

    id. ib. 2, 205;

    Italiā,

    Sall. J. 28, 2:

    Numidiā,

    id. ib. 38, 9:

    Africā,

    id. ib. 20, 1;

    23, 1: pugnā,

    Liv. 34, 47:

    praesidio,

    id. 4, 29 (cf.:

    de praesidio,

    Cic. de Sen. 20, 73):

    quae naves paullulum suo cursu decesserint,

    i. e. had gone out of their course, Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 3; so,

    cum luminibus exstinctis decessisset viā,

    had gone out of the way, Suet. Caes. 31:

    pantherae constituisse dicuntur in Cariam ex nostra provincia decedere,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 11, 2.
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    t. t.
    a.
    In milit. lang., to retire, withdraw from a former position:

    qui nisi decedat atque exercitum deducat ex his regionibus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 19;

    so,

    absol., id. ib. 1, 44 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

    de colle,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 71, 3:

    de vallo,

    id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

    inde,

    id. B. C. 1, 71 fin.:

    loco superiore,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9; so with abl., Auct. B. Alex. 34; 35 (twice); 70 al.—
    b.
    In official lang.: de provincia, ex provincia, provinciā, or absol. (cf. Cic. Planc. 26, 65), to retire from the province on the expiration of a term of office:

    de provincia decessit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20;

    so,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Fam. 2, 15 (twice); Liv. 29, 19 Drak.:

    decedens ex Syria,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61; so,

    e Cilicia,

    id. Brut. 1:

    ex Africa,

    Nep. Cato, 1, 4:

    ex Asia,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    ex ea provincia,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1 Zumpt N. cr.:

    ut decedens Considius provinciā,

    Cic. Lig. 1, 2; Liv. 39, 3; 41, 10:

    te antea, quam tibi successum esset, decessurum fuisse,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 6; so absol., id. Planc. 26, 65 al.:

    Albinus Romam decessit,

    Sall. J. 36 fin.; cf.:

    Romam ad triumphum,

    Liv. 8, 13; 9, 16. —Rarely with a:

    cui cum respondissem, me a provincia decedere: etiam mehercule, inquit, ut opinor, ex Africa,

    Cic. Planc. 26 fin.
    2.
    Decedere de viā; also viā, in viā alicui, alicui, or absol., to get out of the way, to give place, make way for one (as a mark of respect or of abhorrence):

    concedite atque abscedite omnes: de via decedite,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; cf.:

    decedam ego illi de via, de semita,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 80 (Cic. Clu. 59. [p. 517] 163; cf. II. B infra); cf.:

    qui fecit servo currenti in viā decesse populum,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 32:

    censorem L. Plancum via sibi decedere aedilis coegit,

    Suet. Ner. 4; cf. id. Tib. 31:

    sanctis divis, Catul. 62, 268: nocti,

    Verg. Ec. 8, 88:

    peritis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 216 (cf.:

    cedere nocti,

    Liv. 3, 60, 7).—Also, to get out of the way of, avoid:

    decedere canibus de via,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67; cf.:

    hi numero impiorum habentur, his omnes decedunt, aditum defugiunt, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 7.—By zeugma, in the pass.:

    salutari, appeti, decedi, assurgi, deduci, reduci, etc.,

    Cic. de Sen. 18, 63.
    3.
    Pregn., to depart, disappear (cf.: cedo, concedo).
    a.
    Of living beings, to decease, to die:

    si eos, qui jam de vita decesserunt,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

    vitā,

    Dig. 7, 1, 57, § 1; Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 31; but commonly absol.:

    pater nobis decessit a. d. VIII. Kal. Dec.,

    id. Att. 1, 6:

    cum paterfamiliae decessit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Nep. Arist. 3, 2, and 3; id. Cim. 1; id. Ages. 8, 6; Liv. 1, 34; 9, 17; Quint. 3, 6, 96 et saep.:

    cruditate contracta,

    id. 7, 3, 33:

    morbo aquae intercutis,

    Suet. Ner. 5 fin.:

    paralysi,

    id. Vit. 3:

    ex ingratorum hominum conspectu morte decedere,

    Nep. Timol. 1, 6.—
    b.
    Of inanimate things, to depart, go off; to abate, subside, cease:

    corpore febres,

    Lucr. 2, 34:

    febres,

    Nep. Att. 22, 3; Cels. 3, 3; cf.:

    quartana,

    Cic. Att. 7, 2 (opp. accedere):

    decessisse inde aquam,

    run off, fallen, Liv. 30, 38 fin.; cf.:

    decedere aestum,

    id. 26, 45; 9, 26 al.:

    de summa nihil decedet,

    to be wanting, to fail, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30; Cic. Clu. 60, 167; cf.:

    quicquid libertati plebis caveretur, id suis decedere opibus credebant,

    Liv. 3, 55:

    decedet jam ira haec, etsi merito iratus est,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 55 (for which ib. 5, 2, 15: cito ab eo haec ira abscedet):

    postquam invidia decesserat,

    Sall. J. 88, 1; Liv. 33, 31 fin.; Tac. A. 15, 16 al.:

    priusquam ea cura decederet patribus,

    Liv. 9, 29; so with dat., id. 2, 31; 23, 26; Tac. A. 15, 20; 44.— Poet.:

    incipit et longo Scyros decedere ponto,

    i. e. seems to flee before them, Stat. Ach. 2, 308.—In the Aug. poets sometimes of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set:

    et sol crescentes decedens duplicat umbras,

    Verg. E. 2, 67; so id. G. 1, 222; Ov. M. 4, 91; hence also of the day, to depart:

    te veniente die, te decedente canebat,

    Verg. G. 4, 466;

    also of the moon,

    to wane, Gell. 20, 8, 7.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    De possessione, jure, sententia, fide, etc. (and since the Aug. per. with abl. alone;

    the reading ex jure suo,

    Liv. 3, 33, 10, is very doubtful), to depart from; to give up, resign, forego; to yield, to swerve from one's possession, station, duty, right, opinion, faith, etc.
    (α).
    With de:

    cogere aliquem de suis bonis decedere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17 fin.; cf.:

    de hypothecis,

    id. Fam. 13, 56, 2;

    and de possessione,

    id. Agr. 2, 26;

    de suo jure,

    id. Rosc. Am. 27; id. Att. 16, 2:

    qui de civitate decedere quam de sententia maluit,

    id. Balb. 5:

    de officio ac dignitate,

    id. Verr. 1, 10:

    de foro decedere,

    to retire from public life, Nep. Att. 10, 2:

    de scena,

    to retire from the stage, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf. impers.:

    de officio decessum,

    Liv. 8, 25 fin. —
    (β).
    With abl. alone (so usually in Liv.):

    jure suo,

    Liv. 3, 33 fin.:

    sententiā,

    Tac. A. 14, 49:

    instituto vestro,

    Liv. 37, 54:

    officio (opp. in fide atque officio pristino fore),

    id. 27, 10; 36, 22:

    fide,

    id. 31, 5 fin.; 34, 11; 45, 19 al.:

    poema... si paulum summo decessit, vergit ad imum,

    Hor. A. P. 378.—
    (γ).
    Very rarely with ab:

    cum (senatus) nihil a superioribus continuorum annorum decretis decesserit,

    Cic. Fl. 12.—
    (δ).
    Absol.: si quos equites decedentis nactus sum, supplicio adfeci, Asin. Pol. ap. C. Fam. 10, 32, 5.
    B.
    De via, to depart, deviate from the right way:

    se nulla cupiditate inductum de via decessisse,

    Cic. Cael. 16, 38:

    moleste ferre se de via decessisse,

    id. Clu. 59, 163; so,

    viā dicendi,

    Quint. 4, 5, 3.
    C.
    (acc. to no. I. B. 2) To give way, yield to another (i. e. to his will or superior advantages—very rare):

    vivere si recte nescis, decede peritis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 213:

    ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt,

    are not inferior, id. Od. 2, 6, 15.
    D.
    ( poet.) To avoid, shun, escape from (cf. I. B. 2 supra): nec serae meminit decedere nocti, to avoid the late night, i. e. the coldness of night, Varius ap. Macr. S. 6, 2, 20; Verg. Ecl. 8, 88; id. G. 3, 467:

    calori,

    id. ib. 4, 23.
    E.
    To fall short of, degenerate from:

    de generis nobilitate,

    Pall. 3, 25, 2: a rebus gestis ejus et gloriae splendore, Justin. 6, 3, 8.
    * III.
    For the simple verb (v. cedo, no. I. 2), to go off, turn out, result in any manner:

    prospere decedentibus rebus,

    Suet. Caes. 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decedo

  • 6 āversor

        āversor ātus, ārī, dep. intens.    [averto], to turn from, turn away, shrink from: aversari advocati et iam vix ferre posse: haerere homo, aversari.—To repulse, scorn, decline, shun, avoid: filium, L.: aspectum alcius, Ta.: scelus, Cu.: preces, L.: honorem, O.
    * * *
    I
    aversari, aversatus sum V DEP
    turn oneself away in disgust/horror, recoil; avoid, shun; refuse, reject
    II
    embezzler; pilferer, thief

    Latin-English dictionary > āversor

  • 7 caveō

        caveō (imper. cave for cavē, T., H., O., Pr.), cāvī, cautus, ēre    [1 CAV-], to be on one's guard, take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid: Faciet, nisi caveo, T.: erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit: non fuisse difficile cavere, to take precautions, Cs.: cum animum attendisset ad cavendum, N.: metues, doctusque cavebis, H.— Cave, look out! be careful! T., H.: ab istoc cavendum intellego, T.: ab eruptionibus, Cs.: caveo ab homine impuro: monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur, L.: sibi cavit loco, i. e. got out of the way, T.: caves, ne videat, etc., T.: cavet ne emat ab invito: cavere necubi hosti oportunus fieret, S.: ne sim spernenda, Exemplo caveo, am warned by, O.: cavendum est, ne, etc.: non admissum... venio, sed cautum ne admittant, to prevent, L.: quod ut ne accidat cavendum est. — Beware of, take care not, be sure you do not: cave dixeris, T.: cave faxis Te quicquam indignum, H.: cave sis mentiaris: cave roget te, H.: armis concurrant arma cavete, V.: caveri foedere, ut, etc., that provision should be made: cavisse deos ut libertas defendi posset, L.—With acc, to guard against, be aware of, beware of, provide against, keep clear of: tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admitterest, T.: cur hoc non caves?: cavebat Pompeius omnia, ne, etc.: vallum, Cs.: hunc tu caveto, H.: hoc caverat mens provida, had prevented, H.: Fata cavens, V.: cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas: Quid quisque vitet, numquam homini satis Cautum est, H.: in quibus cave vereri (i. e. noli): caveret id petere a populo R., quod, etc., S.: occursare capro caveto, V.: commisisse cavet, quod, etc., H. —In law, to take care for, provide, order, decree, dispose of, stipulate: cum ita caverent, si: altera (lex) ipsis sepulcris cavet: de quibus (agris) foedere cautum est: sibi se privatim nihil cavere, to stipulate, L.: si cautum esset eos testimonium non esse dicturos. — With ab, to make oneself secure, procure bail, take surety: obsidibus inter se, Cs.: nisi prius a te cavero, ne quis amplius, etc.: ab sese caveat neminem esse acturum, etc., take security: quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem.—To make secure, give security, guarantee, C.: (civitates) obsidibus de pecuniā cavent, Cs.: quoniam obsidibus cavere inter se non possint, Cs.—With dat, to keep from, protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of: quod regi amico cavet, non reprehendo: melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet: aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi, O.
    * * *
    cavere, cavi, cautus V
    beware, avoid, take precautions/defensive action; give/get surety; stipulate

    Latin-English dictionary > caveō

  • 8 dē-cēdō

        dē-cēdō cessī    （inf. dēcēsse, T.), cessus, ere, to go away, depart, withdraw, retire: de alterā parte (agri), Cs.: de praesidio: ex Galliā Romam: e pastu decedere campis, V.: Africā, S.: praesidio, L.: naves suo cursu, i. e. went out of their course, Cs.—To retire, withdraw, retreat, fall back, abandon a position: nisi decedat atque exercitum deducat, Cs.: inde, Cs.: Italiā. — Of a provincial magistrate, to retire, surrender (office): de provinciā decessit: ex Syriā: provinciā: te decessurum fuisse: Romam, S.: Romam ad triumphum, L.—To give place, make way, retire, yield: servo in viā Decesse populum, T.: serae nocti, i. e. at the approach of, V.: calori, to escape from, V.: canibus de viā, avoid: his omnes decedunt, avoid, Cs. —Fig., to depart, disappear, die: de vitā: ex ingratorum hominum conspectu morte, N.: cum pater familiae decessit, Cs.: in paupertate, N.— To depart, go off, abate, subside, cease: febres, N.: nuntiatum est aestum decedere, L.: De summā nihil decedet, be wanting, T.: de causā periculi nihil: quaestioni materia decessit, L.: Decedet iam ira haec, T.: neque Decedit aeratā triremi cura, H.: postquam invidia decesserat, S.—Poet.: sol decedens, setting, V.: lux, tarde decedere visa, O.: decedentia Tempora, passing seasons, H.—To depart from, give up, resign, forego, yield, swerve: de suis bonis: de meo iure: de sententiā: de foro, to retire from public life, N.: de scenā: de officio decessum, L.: iure suo, L.: poema si paulum summo decessit, has fallen short of, H.: cum (senatus) nihil a decretis decesserit.—To depart, deviate: de viā, i. e. from right: instituto suo, L.: fide, L.— To give way, yield: decede peritis, be guided by, H.: ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt, are not inferior, H.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-cēdō

  • 9 ē-lūdō

        ē-lūdō sī, sus, ere,    to stop playing, cease to sport: litus, quā fluctus eluderet. — To parry, elude, avoid: quasi rudibus eius eludit oratio (i. e. in a sham fight): elusa volnera, O.—To escape, avoid, shun: celeritate navium nostros, Cs.: Orsilochum fugiens, V.: Satyros sequentīs, O.: contra eludere Poenus, avoided a fight, L.—To make vain, frustrate: bellum quiete, quietem bello, L.: his miraculis elusa fides, i. e. denied, L.—To delude, deceive, cheat: eludendi occasiost senes, T.: elusa imagine tauri Europa, O.: eludebas, cum, etc., you were making a pretence. — To mock, jeer, make sport of, trifle with, insult: quamdiu furor tuus nos eludet?: illum vicissim: per licentiam, L.: gloriam eius, L.: alqm contumeliis, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > ē-lūdō

  • 10 fugitō

        fugitō āvī, ātus, āre, freq.    [fugio], to flee eagerly, flee in haste, avoid, shun: miserrumus Fui fugitando, T.: patrem, T.: quaestionem: necem, Ph. —With inf, to avoid, forbear: alqd facere, T.

    Latin-English dictionary > fugitō

  • 11 re-fugiō

        re-fugiō fūgī, —, ere,    to flee back, flee for safety, run from, run away, flee, escape, take refuge, avoid, shun: qui refugerant, the refugees, Cs.: subsidia armatorum simulato pavore refugerunt, took to flight, L.: Audiit sonum, et tremefacta refugit, V.: ex castris in montem, Cs.: ex cursu ad Philippum, L.: admissis equis ad suos refugerunt, Cs.: in maiorem arcem, took refuge, L.: Syracusas: impetum Antiochi ceterorumque tela: non modo id refugisti, avoided: Attollentem iras (anguem), V.: (Cupido) refugit te, H.: nec Polyhymnia refugit tendere barbiton, refuses, H.: nec te (amnis) transire refugi, O.—Of things, to shrink back, flee, move away, turn back: refugiat timido sanguen, Enn. ap. C.: (sol) ubi medio refugerit orbe, shrinks from sight, V.: refugere oculi, C. poët.: quo pridie refugisset (mare), Cu.—Of places, to run back, fall back, recede: refugit ab litore templum, V.: ex oculis visa refugit humus, vanishes, O.—Fig., to flee, turn away, be averse, avoid, shun: animus meminisse horret luctuque refugit, has avoided the recollection because of grief, V.: refugit animus eaque dicere reformidat: ne recordatione mei casūs a consiliis fortibus refugiatis: a dicendo: Foeda ministeria, V.: iurgia, H.: opus, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > re-fugiō

  • 12 contemno

    I
    contemnere, contempsi, contemptus V TRANS
    think little of; look down on, take poor view of; pay no heed/disregard/slight; treat with/hold in contempt, scorn, disdain; despise; keep away from, avoid
    II
    contemnere, contemsi, contemtus V TRANS
    think little of; look down on, take poor view of; pay no heed/disregard/slight; treat with/hold in contempt, scorn, disdain; despise; keep away from, avoid

    Latin-English dictionary > contemno

  • 13 D

    D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).
    II.
    As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.
    III.
    The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—
    1.
    An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—
    2.
    An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—
    3.
    An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—
    4.
    An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —
    5.
    A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.
    IV.
    In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).
    2.
    D final was also anciently found—
    a.
    In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —
    b.
    In the imperative mood;

    as estod,

    Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—
    c.
    In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).
    V.
    As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.
    ► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > D

  • 14 d

    D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).
    II.
    As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.
    III.
    The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—
    1.
    An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—
    2.
    An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—
    3.
    An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—
    4.
    An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —
    5.
    A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.
    IV.
    In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).
    2.
    D final was also anciently found—
    a.
    In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —
    b.
    In the imperative mood;

    as estod,

    Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—
    c.
    In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).
    V.
    As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.
    ► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > d

  • 15 defugio

    dē-fŭgĭo, fūgi, 3, v. a. and n.
    I.
    Act.
    A.
    With acc., to run away from; to flee, shun, avoid:

    fugiendo devitare (class.): aditum alicujus sermonemque,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 7:

    proelium,

    id. B. C. 1, 82, 2:

    patriam,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34 (dub.):

    munus,

    id. ib. 6, 15; id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

    injurias fortunae defugiendo relinquas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 41, 118:

    eam disputationem,

    id. de Or. 1, 23 fin.:

    contentiones, inimicitias, vitae dimicationes,

    id. Planc. 32:

    auctoritatem,

    to withdraw from responsibility, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 98; Cic. Sull. 11, 33 et saep. —
    B.
    With quin and subj.:

    nec tamen defugio quin dicam quae scio,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 2.—
    C.
    Absol., to shun, avoid, escape:

    rempublicam suscipiant: sin timore defugiant, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 32, 7.—
    II.
    Intrans., to escape by flight, run away:

    circa ripam Tiberis, quo sinistrum cornu defugit,

    Liv. 5, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defugio

  • 16 fugito

    fŭgĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. and n. [fugio], to flee eagerly or in haste (mostly ante-class.).
    I.
    Neutr.:

    ita miserrimus fui fugitando, ne quis me cognosceret,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 8:

    Graeci fugitantes,

    Amm. 15, 9, 5.—
    II.
    Act., to flee, avoid, shun (cf. fugio, II.):

    herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 78:

    amicos senes deditā operā,

    id. Poen. 3, 1, 5:

    patrem,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 5, 7; cf.:

    illum amant, me fugitant,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 18:

    quam (puellam) famulae longe,

    Lucr. 4, 1176:

    amaracinum fugitat sus et timet omne Unguentum,

    id. 6, 973:

    quid illuc est, quod meos te dicam fugitare oculos?

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. ib. 13; so,

    tuum conspectum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 25:

    fugitant omnes hanc provinciam,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 53; 55: qui quaestionem fugitant, bona possident, *Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 78:

    fugitant (cornices) iras Palladis,

    Lucr. 6, 753:

    necem,

    Phaedr. 1, 2, 26.—
    (β).
    Poet., with inf. (cf. fugio, II. B. 1. b), to avoid, omit or forbear to do any thing:

    quod aliae meretrices facere fugitant,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 10:

    quicumque suos fugitabant visere ad aegros,

    Lucr. 6, 1235; id. 1, 658.—Hence, fŭgĭtans, antis, P. a., fleeing, avoiding; with gen.:

    fugitans litium,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 18; Charis. 77 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fugito

  • 17 S

    S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.
    I.
    The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

    in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

    Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—
    II.
    As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

    and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

    Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—
    III.
    As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—
    IV.
    As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—
    V.
    S is interchanged,
    A.
    Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—
    B.
    With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—
    C.
    With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—
    D.
    With x; v. that letter.—
    VI.
    S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —
    VII.
    As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > S

  • 18 s

    S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.
    I.
    The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

    in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

    Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—
    II.
    As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

    and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

    Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—
    III.
    As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—
    IV.
    As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—
    V.
    S is interchanged,
    A.
    Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—
    B.
    With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—
    C.
    With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—
    D.
    With x; v. that letter.—
    VI.
    S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —
    VII.
    As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > s

  • 19 ā

       ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.
    * * *
    I
    Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)
    II
    by (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)
    III
    ante, abb. a.

    in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day

    Latin-English dictionary > ā

  • 20 ab-solvō

        ab-solvō solvī, solūtus, ere.—Fig.,    to set free, release, discharge: a Fannio iudicio se absolvere, to avoid the suit of Fannius: donec se caede hostis absolvat, i. e. from disgrace, by killing, etc., Ta.— Esp., judicially, to acquit, declare innocent, absolve: causā cognitā possunt multi absolvi: pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere, for an acquittal: nemo absolvit, voted to acquit: honeste absolvi, to be acquitted without bribery: alqm comitiis: iudicio absolvi: alqm maiestatis, on a capital charge: te improbitatis: culpae, O.: ambitu: regni suspicione consulem, from suspicion of aspiring to the throne, L.: de praevaricatione absolutus: cedo invidiae, dummodo absolvar cinis, i. e. provided my integrity be recognized after death, Ph.: hominem Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, absolves him from obligation to Venus. — To pay off, satisfy, pay: hunc, T.—To complete, bring to an end: de Catilinae coniuratione paucis absolvam, S. — In gen., to complete, finish, bring to an end: tectum: opera, Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > ab-solvō

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